What is TAVI & Who is it for?

TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) is a revolutionary, non-surgical (minimally invasive) cardiac procedure. For patients with severe aortic valve stenosis—especially the elderly or those for whom open-heart surgery is considered high-risk—TAVI offers a safe alternative to replace the diseased valve without opening the chest. Read this guide to understand the details of this modern procedure.

1. What is Aortic Stenosis and Why Must It Be Treated?

The aortic valve sits between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta (the main artery distributing blood to the body). Aging, calcification, or congenital anomalies can cause this valve to narrow, restricting blood flow. Severe aortic stenosis causes shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, and ultimately heart failure. If left untreated, it carries significant life-threatening risks.

2. How is the TAVI Procedure Performed?

During a TAVI procedure, there is no need to split the breastbone or place the patient on a heart-lung bypass machine. It is typically performed through the groin under local anesthesia and conscious sedation (light sleepiness). A folded biological valve is guided through a thin catheter to the heart. Once at the aortic valve site, the new valve is expanded, pushing the old valve aside and immediately taking over the function of blood flow.

3. Who is TAVI Most Suitable For?

Originally, TAVI was reserved solely for patients deemed too weak for traditional open-heart surgery. Today, clinical research and device advancements have expanded TAVI eligibility to include:

• • Elderly Patients: Usually individuals aged 75 or older with calcific aortic stenosis.
• • High or Intermediate Cerrahi Risk: Patients with lung, kidney, or liver disease, or those who have had previous open-heart surgeries (like bypass).
• • Patients Unfit for General Anesthesia: Since TAVI can be performed under local anesthesia, it reduces risks related to general anesthesia.

4. Key Advantages of the TAVI Procedure

• ✓ No large chest incisions; minimal scarring and post-operative discomfort.
• ✓ Significantly shorter hospital stay (typically 2 to 3 days) and a quick return to normal life.
• ✓ Minimal post-procedure pain; patients can stand up and walk within the first 24 hours.
• ✓ Immediate, noticeable improvement in daily life quality (relief from dyspnea and fatigue).

5. How is the Treatment Decision Made?

TAVI eligibility is determined by a comprehensive multi-disciplinary "Heart Team" (including a cardiologist, cardiothoracic surgeon, and anesthesiologist). The decision is based on echocardiography (EKO), CT angiography of the heart and access arteries, and routine blood values. Anatomical suitability of the valve and vessels is the main determining factor.